What are the classifications of nickel-based alloys？

Nickel alloy is a heavy non-ferrous metal material composed of nickel base and other alloy elements. The purpose is to further improve the physical and chemical properties of nickel and meet the requirements of industrial development and science and technology.

Nickel alloy ingots or castings are mainly produced by vacuum melting and casting. The steel ingot is first hot rolled, extruded or forged, then rolled or stretched after intermediate heat treatment, and finally processed into the required finished product. Some nickel-based superalloys directly use castings or use powder metallurgy methods to make required parts for use.

Nickel alloys are mainly used in petroleum, natural gas, chemical, medical machinery, marine engineering, aerospace, and other industries.

Nickel alloys are divided into:

1.Nickel-based superalloy. The main alloying elements are chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, aluminum, titanium, boron, zirconium, and so on. Among them, chromium plays an anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion role, and other elements play a strengthening role. It has high strength and anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion ability under a high temperature of 650～1000℃. It is the most versatile and strongest alloy among superalloys. It is used to manufacture high-temperature parts of aero-engine blades and rocket engines, nuclear reactors, and energy conversion equipment.Superalloy typical grades are Inconel 718,Inconel X-750.

2.Nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy. The main alloying elements are copper, chromium, and molybdenum. It has good overall performance and can resist all kinds of acid corrosion and stress corrosion. The earliest application is a nickel-copper alloy, also known as Monel; in addition, there are nickel-chromium alloy, nickel-molybdenum alloy, nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy, and so on. Used in the manufacture of various corrosion-resistant parts.Corrosion-resistant alloy typical grades are Ni 200/201,Alloy31,Alloy 33,Monel 400,Monel K500.

3.Nickel-based wear-resistant alloy. The main alloying elements are chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten, but also contain small amounts of niobium, tantalum, and indium. In addition, to wear resistance, its oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, and welding performance are also very good. It can be used to manufacture wear-resistant parts, can also be used as a coating material, and can be coated on the surface of other substrates through surfacing and spraying processes. 

4.Nickel-based precision alloy. Including nickel-based soft magnetic alloys, nickel-based precision resistance alloys, and nickel-based electric heating alloys. The most commonly used soft magnetic alloy is Permalloy, with a nickel content of about 80%. Its maximum permeability and initial permeability are high, and its coercivity is low. It is an important core material in the electronics industry. The main alloying elements of nickel-based precision resistance alloys are chromium, aluminum, and copper. This alloy has high resistivity, low resistivity temperature coefficient, and good corrosion resistance, and is used to make resistors. Nickel-based electric heating alloy is a nickel alloy containing 20% chromium. It has good oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance and can be used for a long time at a temperature of 1000 to 1100°C.

5.Nickel-based shape memory alloy. Nickel alloy with 50% titanium. The recovery temperature is 70℃, and the shape memory effect is good. A slight change in the ratio of nickel to titanium can change the recovery temperature within the range of 30 to 100°C. It is mostly used in the manufacture of automatic opening structural parts used in spacecraft, self-exciting fasteners used in the aerospace industry, and artificial heart motors used in biomedicine.

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